The coastal ecosystem is very sensitive and fragile, it responds very rapidly with any kind of interference from nature or human processes. The ecosystem of coastal zone is very unstable, which keeps on changing with change in environment. Like in other parts of the environment, the intervention of human society has increased in the coastal zone, due to its plentiful resources and strategic location. The developmental problem along the coastal zone is one of the common phenomena in all parts of the world. This problem is associated with haphazard development in the coastal zone. It has caused long listed problems in the coastal zone. At the local levels, violations of the CRZ rules are common scene in the most of the developing countries. Natural factors are also causing variety of problems in the coastal zone, but again it is the human influence, which has intensified the role of natural forces.

This paper deals with the development of an integrated road accidents and its cost prediction model for Chennai city using system dynamics approach. In this case, the simulation road accident prediction model was developed from the base year 2010 using road accident data collected from 2006 to 2010. In this research an attempt is made to establish relationship between road accident with factors of human behaviors, vehicle factors and road factors. STELLA software is a powerful tool for making a simulation model instead of stock and flow diagram, graphical interface, table and graph view, causal relational diagrams and build in functions. The system dynamics road accident prediction model was developed using STELLA software. The main objective of the studies is to establish simple, practicable simulation road accident and its cost models that can predict the expected number of accidents from 2010 to 2020. The predicted number of accident in 2010 was 5255 and accident for the year 2020 will be 21612. The model was also validated by comparing the predicted accident values of the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 with actual accident values. Add results of cost how much you predicted here.

The study was intended to find out the social intelligence of distance education students of various universities in Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 1040 distance education students Mean, Standard Deviation and t value were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that gender, marital status, medium of instruction, course of the study had no significant difference but, locality exhibited significant difference in respect of their social intelligence of distance education students

In this study an attempt has been made to understand the environmental management of Vidrupa River basin, Akola District, Maharashtra with reference to water resource developmentt by utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Morphometric analysis was carried out to understand the drainage analysis, drainage density and landscape. Further various erosional surfaces have been demarcated by utilizing flatness, consistency in the height of the ridges and sloping characters. The Morphometric analysis was carried out to understand the drainage analysis, drainage density and landscape. Further various erosional surfaces have been demarcated by utilizing flatness, consistency in the height of the ridges and sloping characters. Remotesensing and GIS techniques have been utilized to not only to understand the morphometric parameters of the Vidrupa River basin, but also various other parameters like land use land cover, hydro geomorphological parameters, landforms along with the digital elevation model to quantify the groundwater potential zones in the region. This study has demonstrated the presence of potential groundwater zones by demarcating the potential aquifers which will be useful in developing the groundwater regime of the region.

The studies carried out on Sterculia urens Roxb. and different treatments were given to know their effects on germination. The laboratory experiment were also conducted to evaluate the seed germination and storage techniques for S. urens. Due to the economic importance and low frequency in nature many attempts are being made to conserve this species and at the same time put in extensive cultivation .In this connection an attempts were made to study the germination potential of the species . The different treatments has been tried such as small incision on seed coat , scarification on sand paper for 5 mts soaking in water 800° c for 5 mts treatment with concentrated H SO for 5 mts . Thio urea 12 hrs concentration o.5 % and Thio urea 0.1% for 12 hrs KNO 0.5% for 2 4 3 12 hrs were tried out of which small incision on seed coat , scarification in scarifier 5 mts the treatment with H SO 2 4 Thio urea , KNO and GA was found significant to increase, the germination percentage as compared to control. 3 3 Seeds of Sterculia urens Roxb. with 6% moisture content treated with (i) captan @ 2g/ kg (ii) activated clay at 1:100 ratio (iii) activated clay and Bavistin@ 2g/kg each cowdung ash at 1:10 ratio were compared for storability with (iv) untreated control. The containers included (i) cloth bags (ii) polythene bag of 700 gauge. Seeds treated with captan gave 52 and 56 percent germination in cloth and polythene bags respectively even after 48 month of storage and differed significantly from all other treatments.

Feminism is the doctrine demanding and supporting equal social political, and economical rights for women. Feminism is nothing but humanity for the women, it is said. Feminism is the mode through which people are sensitized to treat the female species of the human beings, as humans.

E-Governance has become the key to good governance in a developing country like........

Mutual funds is that they give small investors access to professionally managed, diversified portfolios of equities, bonds and other securities, which would be quite difficult (if not impossible) to create with a small amount of capital. And Ulip are a category of goal based financial solutions that combined the safety of insurance protection with wealth creation opportunities. This study explore about the customers awareness level regarding mutual fund and ulip schemes. Objective of the study was to make comparative analysis of mutual fund and ulip. For this study data has been collected through primary and secondary data. The required primary data for the study was collected through common questionnaire for all categories of respondents. And secondary data has been collected through Published data available in various publications of central, state and local government, books, magazines, newspaper, technical and trade journals. At the end of the study it was concluded that people from different income groups & occupations, they all had different view point about insurance and Mutual Funds. It also found that people don't perceive Ulips & MF as a viable investment option, hence this mind set has to be changed.

CSR is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. Companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders voluntarily. The objective of this paper is to study the CSR initiatives in pharmaceutical sector in India. This study focuses on the pharmaceutical firms who have adopted the CSR. for this study 5 organizations are selected for our research Ranbaxy, Orchid pharma , GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceuticals ltd., Cipla , Ajanta pharma. This paper outlines those pharmaceutical companies which are curiously involved in social activities or responsibilities other than profit making. These companies are rendering their services for the upliftment of society and it's development. Education , health and environment telecom are prime areas wherein the companies are displaying their concern. Efforts sessions conducted in villages mobilized people towards health and hygiene. Although, the efforts are being made yet, much needs to be achieved.

India has the world's highest prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among women, with 60 to 70 percent of the adolescent girls being anaemic. Adolescence is considered as a nutritionally critical period of life. The pre-pregnancy nutritional status of young girls is important as it impacts on the course and the outcome of their pregnancy. Hence, the health of adolescent girls demands special attention .To combat anaemia the government of India launched prophylaxis programmes, which focus on the pregnant, lactating women and children. Late adolescents girls are not much covered under such programmes. Severe anaemia during pregnancy in turn leads to low birth weight babies and increases maternal mortality and morbidity. Hence, it may need to focus light on late adolescent girls. Though there is a drug therapy, due to many adverse effects like constipation, discolouration of stools, stomach pain, rust odour it is generally discontinued which continues anaemia. Hence the present study was undertaken to develop iron rich laddus along with lactobacillus acidophilus is given in the form of capsule in order to increase the absorption of iron from the food which is supplemented. On treatment with supplementation of probiotic capsules with iron rich laddu for 3 months showed a significant increase in the Hb percent and serum iron level in the supplemented sample. If the supplementation is given at younger age the period of suffering in later life will be reduced.

Almost two-thirds of India's population does not have access to formal financial services. The women's self help movement emerged as an important strategy for achieving financial inclusion, contributing to inclusive growth, and generating social capital in order to address larger issues like poverty eradication and women empowerment. The paper tries to explore the ways of development of self-help groups, which is need of the hour in the present scenario especially in India.

The aim of environmental education is that, individual and social group should acquire awareness and knowledge, develop skill and abilities and participate in solving real life environmental problems. Environmental awareness is very much needed for everyone. In this research paper an attempt has been made to construct and standardize the environmental awareness test to measure environmental awareness of B.Ed. student teachers, as there is no suitable questionnaire available to measure the environmental awareness of B.Ed. student teachers.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by wide variety of mechanism these includes direct and indirect mechanisms like phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production, antifungal activity, etc. The bacteria, were successfully isolated and characterized by morphological and biochemical methods as P. polymyxa. Subsequently to investigate the effect of PGPR isolates on the growth of maize (zea mays L.), a pot culture experiment was conducted. Isolated PGPRs showed upto 62% seed germination power over to controls. Isolates the paenibacillus polymyxa showed as highest positive effect on the growth of experimental plant. Most of isolates resulted in a significant increasing of shoot length, root length and dry matter production of shoot and root of maize seedlings. In our results, Shoot length of maize after inoculation increased up to 92%, and dry matter increased up to 43% in comparison to controls. As same, bacterial inoculation also had the positive effect on the root length up to 35% and dry weight up to 40% in comparison to controls. These results show the potential to use PGPR in order to improve yields in maize crop in fields.

In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize certain important plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from ten locations of Perambalur district of Tamilnadu. The results showed that 4 all the maize soils harbouredPGPR such as Azospirillum, Bacillus and Pseudomonas to the tune of 10 CFU/g of rhizosphere soil sample. Pure culture of the above PGPR were isolated and characterized for tentative identification at their species level. General and biochemical characterization studies revealed that five each isolate of A. brasilenseand A. lipoferum, six isolates of P. fluorescens and four isolates of P. putida and five each of B. megaterium and B. polymyxa were found among the ten rhizosphere soils.

The paper delves on the discussion of participatory approaches in mangrove conservation in Bayabas, Surigao Del Sur. A coastal municipality that faces the Pacific Sea Board. The mangrove ecosystem had been threatened by commercial use, land conversion into fish ponds and coastal pollution. It is in this panorama that the LGU, PO's, NGO's of Bayabas collaborated in the Mangrove conservation project called “SAGIP Wakatan” which is derived from the word “Wakat” means in vernacular “root of the mangrove”. Extent of collaboration of the NGO, PO's, LGU, NA (National Agencies) and the community will be covered in this paper. The extent of participatory approach in the pre-planning, planning, implementation and the monitoring scheme will be illustrated. The study was anchored on the platform of participatory approaches in conservation. The paper also covers the perusal of the organizational culture of the sites of the study viz: Barangay La Paz, Mogabawok, Cabugo and Balete, profile of the coastal fishers, programs in the participatory approach in the mangrove conservation both from NGO's and GO's, assistance from the agencies mentioned, training of the community/communities in mangrove conservation, problems encountered in the use of participatory approach and propose solutions. The study used both the Descriptive survey and Ethnographic methods.

An attempt has been made in this paper to study of high school students' attitude towards computer and their academic achievement in Srikakulam region. Normative survey method has been used in the present investigation. Random sampling technique has been used in the selection of the sample of as many as 135 high school students in Srikakulam region. The findings of the study show that there is no significant difference between male and female, OC/BC/SC&ST students in Srikakulam region. There is significant positive correlation between attitude towards computer and academic achievement of high school VIII to X standard students in Srikakulam region.

Adolescents' use of social network occurs simultaneously with their developing identity, emerging sexuality, physical development, and moral consciousness. In this brief, this study examines the influence of social network on secondary school adolescents' academic achievement behavior. The study made use of design survey. Anambra Central Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria was the focus of this study. The sample comprised 1330 SSI secondary school students. Use of Social Network Questionnaire (USNQ) was used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation was used for data analysis. Items that have mean score from 3.50 to 4.00 were considered Strongly Agree; 2.50 to 3.49 Agree; 1.50 to 2.49 Disagree; and 0.50 to 1.49 Strongly Disagree respectively. The result of the findings showed that adolescents use of social networking have a negative influence on the adolescents' academic achievement behavior. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.

The present study was undertaken to recognize and study the granulocytes in five species of scorpion- Mesobuthus tamulus tamulus, Mesobuthus tamulus concanensis, Heterometrus xanthopus, Heterometrus phipsoni and Orthochirus bicolor. Light and phase contrast microscopic observations have showed seven distinct types of hemocytes in all five species ; prohemocytes (PRs), plasmocytes (PLs), granulocytes(GRs), spherulocytes (SPs),adipohemocytes (ADs), oenocytoids (ODs) and coagulocytes (COs). It is round in M. tamulus tamulus and M. tamulus concanensis, oval in O. bicolor and round in H. xanthopus and H. phipsoni. Along with morphology Differential Hemocytes Count (DHC) was also studied.

As we know literature is a mirror of society, writers mind . Literature is nothing different but it is a combination of reality and imagination. Writer wants to give way to his or her feelings, ideas through literature. We see face of society in literature. Novelists tries to focus on the issues which peoples face in day to day life through their story.

In this research paper the investigator have presented the research completed in the area Gender difference due to internal and external control behaviour in deciding psycho social characteristics such as Emotional Intelligence, Academic self Image and Self Assertion. This research was done using the population of student teachers with sample of 230 chosen by stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected and on testing the hypotheses the investigator have given the findings and the commendations.

Human Resource is the most imperative factor in the process of production. Therefore, their growth and development finds essential position for sustaining long term objective of organisations. Human Resource Development is concern with development of employee competencies, so as to make them more functional and productive. The work examines previous literatures through secondary sources on HRD factors in different Organisations.

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of Suryanamaskar (sun salutations) on the selected physiological variable on active sportsman basically belongs to the department of physical education from P.G.College, Upardaha, Baraut, Allahabad (U.P), India. A total of 30 male subjects were selected and used as one practice group. Suryanamaskar was considered as the Independent Variable and Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate and BMI were considered as Dependent Variable. The statistical technique employed for this study was mean, standard deviation and paired't' test. The level of significance was tested at 0.05 level. A significant (p<.05) effect of Suryanamaskar was found in relation to Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate. In case of BMI no significant difference was found at (p<.05) level after six week training. The independent variables were assessed before and after the training period.

The present study was conducted on the 515 students of senior secondary stage (227 male and 238 female) selected randomly from 9 districts of Punjab state The study revealed that there is significant relationship between the mean score of academic achievement in economics and intelligence.

Thus the Reddiars, the descendants of Kapus and ruling class of Rashtrakutas migrated from Andhra regions towards the southern areas of Tamilnadu during 15th and 16th centuries. They established their dwellings wherever the agricultural activities were feasible. Again during the reign of the Hindu emperor Krishna Devaraya they were encouraged to a great extent with the patronage of concessions and privileges under their ruled principalities such as Chengi, Trichy, Tanjore and Madurai. Besides these, during the administration of the Bhamini Sultans, they migrated from Andhra towards Tamilnadu in fearing of their suppression and persecutions. Tamilnadu, being the citadel of peace and prosperity, encouraged them largely and atlast by assimilating Tamil and Telugu cultures made them permanent settlers. In Tamilnadu, though they have been living sporadically their dwellings rest mainly upon the districts of Virudhunagar, Trichy, Tanjore, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Cuddalore etc. Above all their migration was immense in nature as far as Virudhunagar district is concerned due to the conducive atmosphere. Subsequently they assimilated with the local population in terms of their culture and continued their main profession of agriculture. In course of time their population increased to considerably which led to the formation of uniqueness in the society

Black Humor is a term, first created and implied by French Pre-modern poet and critic Andre Breton in 1920s. But it did not become noticeable and was not taken seriously in the USA until 1960s. Columbia Encyclopedia describe Black Humor is a follows : “ Black Humor, in literature, drama and film, grotesque or morbid humor is used to expose the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox and cruelty of the modern world. Ordinary characters or situations are usually exaggerated far beyond the limits of normal satire of irony.” In 1960s, Black Humor is not only a term or a word but it is considered as a literary movement in America. It is closely related to the politics, economics and social conditions after World War II. Writers of 1960s used Black Humor as a weapon to expose the harsh realities of the contemporary society. Joseph Heller (1923-1999) is the most influential fiction writer in 1960s. He also employs Black Humor for delineating the horrifying absurdity of service life in World War II. He reflects his vision in his novels-Catch-22 and Something Happened. Catch-22, Joseph Heller's first novel, was published in 1961. It is now widely recognized as one of the most significant book written by an American since World War II. The publication of this novel brought about a new look in American literature and this creative novel was named as the presentative of Black Humor. The novel describe the wartime experiences of Army Air Corps Captain John Yossarian. Something Happened, published in 1974, thirteen years after Catch-22. Bob Slocum, a businessman who engages in a stream of consciousness narrative about his job, his family, his childhood, his sexual escapades and his own psyche. He was dissatisfied and pessimistic about his own lives despite enjoying its comfort. Bob's passivity in the novel is an important insight into Heller's objective in creating the novel. By using the technique of Black Humor, Heller, in both novels, deals with the theme of disillusionment, absurdity, immorality and irrationality. These themes are also found in the American contemporary social life. Heller throws light on the major issues which is essential for the betterment of the lives of American peoples

Salaried class taxpayers fall under the category of soft target group as far as levy of taxes on incomes in India is concerned. Indian direct tax system is said to be a progressive tax system and this fact is fully and perhaps only evidenced by taxation of salaried class taxpayers for the simple reason that unlike other types of taxpayers, salaried class is perhaps the only category where more income leads to more tax thus showing progressive nature of taxation on income. The present research article is aimed at the overview of taxation of salaried class in India with reference to common tax planning issues faced by them while being taxed under the Income Tax Law and the theoretical framework of the possible ways to address to these tax planning issues commonly faced by the salaried class taxpayers.

This study aims to identify the advantages of the implantation of the metropolitan infrastructure of optical network of communication (INFORMATION HIGHWAY) in the city of Porto Velho, RO, Brazil. Furthermore, characterize the cognitive, social and political aspects of the involved infrastructure and the public policy of technological inclusion, showing the innovations with the implementation of the electronic governance. In the research, a survey was conducted to verify the possible savings generated by the adoption of optical fiber communication. However, it was observed the necessity of a measurement the results achieved through the installation of the information highway, considering that public administration should improve the strategic relationship between the government-government and government-citizen with the increase of the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedures to enhance the attendance of the demands of the city of Porto Velho - RO, Brazil.

There are over 45,000 named species of protozoa, living of which nearly 10,000 are parasitic in invertebrates and in almost every species of vertebrates. The protozoa that infect humans ranges from forms that are never pathogenic to those that cause Malaria, Sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, now regarded as being among the major diseases of tropical countries and which together threaten over one quarter of the population of the world. Leishmaniasis is now known to be caused by complex species and subspecies of Leishmanai. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin disease cause by Leishmania topica. This disease is transmitting by sand fly. The disease is endemic along entire Western border of Pakistan. During the present research, the samples were collected from infected Afghan refugees of different areas of Dir Upper. Total 274 samples were collected among which 169 (62%) were positive cases. Total 112 (66%) males and 57 (34%) females were affected. The high prevalence rate (49.7%) was noticed in the age of 11-20 years old peoples. The prevalence rate between the ages of 0-10 was 29.1%. The low prevalence rate (13.6%) was notice in the peoples over 30 year. Mostly one lesion was noticed in an effected people (69%). The patients with two lesions were 22%. The numbers of effected persons with more than two active lesions were little in number i. e. 9%. Most of the lesions were reported on face (36.4%). The second effected part of body noticed in the study was hand (26.5%). Most of the lesions were dry (81%). It is concluded that high prevalence rate was observed. People's awareness is very necessary.

Economic Turbulence has been a cause of concern world over as it has jeopardized the plans of the government, the corporate sector and public at large. The life has become stressful and the budgets gone wrong year after year. This paper has discussed reasons of economic volatility, its concerns and has suggested the way out to manage the risk arising out of that. The core problem has been identified as the downfall in moral values at the governance level of the State and Corporate as well as of individual citizens of any country. Every good rule is only studied in the literature by one and all but when it comes to follow that, it is passed on to “YOU”. Hence, it is nobody's responsibility to take into account the wholesome welfare. Human greed is largely practicing dishonesty, alarmingly increased human stress, environment destruction, deteriorating natural resources, wars, spreading incurable diseases, etc. All this cumulatively has created panic resulting into loss of faith in one another and ultimately caused great strains on economic resources of any country. After the economies opened their doors for free trade and flow of capital, the economic volatility of one country started crossing the barriers and affecting other economies very fast. The author has tried to suggest some value based principles which may not only be of great help to overcome the ill effects of economic turbulence/ volatility but may also lead to welfare of all.

Hijras (Eunuchs) constitute an invisible minority in the Indian social-setup. They have no space and respect in the general public life. They are subject to segregation and isolation. Politically, legally and socially the community of hijras is marginalized and victimized. Society cannot think or accept a gender beyond the male/female category. What is outside these two categories is unacceptable, intolerable and horrible to them. Howsoever hard a hijra might try to be a part of the mainstream of the society, the invisible clutches of social forces do not permit him to carve his own design beyond the limits imposed by the society. Mahesh Dattani in English and Harsarn Singh in Punjabi, articulate the feelings and predicaments of the hijras in theatre through their plays Seven Steps Around the Fire and Chhkay respectively. Both the plays stand out as the two best plays by in Indian Theatre that explore the socio-psychological plight of these people as they are caught between the social taboos and their personal desires. Both the plays dramatize the humiliation and suffering of the hijra community that has no respectable social space.

In present paper, Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae) and Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & Ohashi (Fabaceae) are reported for the first time from Maharashtra, India.

The aim of the study is to find out the level of duty consciousness of secondary school teachers towards the social responsibility in promoting environmental awareness. The study was conducted in the year 2013 at Purulia district in West Bengal. One hundred forty nine (149) teachers (both male and female) were randomly selected from twenty secondary schools of urban and rural area. Data was collected through self constructed questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical technique. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level. The mean value of teacher's dutifulness is 38.8 (79.48%) and it indicates that the secondary school teachers are dutiful towards the promotion of environmental awareness where female teachers are more dutiful than male. Result showed that there is no significant difference between urban and rural teachers and teachers of different age groups in respect of their dutifulness towards the promotion of environmental awareness. It also showed that there is a real sex difference among the teachers.

This study concludes that teachers' reflected appraisal significantly predicts their self-concept and attitude to work.Therefore, a good working environment especially for teachers who transmit the ideals, norms,Therefore, a good working environment especially for teachers who transmit the ideals, norms,concept and a positive attitude to work.

The article explores the institutional management for the Regional Development. The objective is to discuss the general principles of the Federal Institutes operation considering the productive arrangements, cultural, social and locations impact. The aim is to demonstrate an unspecific and possible methodological design to identify the conditions for intervention, especially from researching unspecific regional and local needs. The bibliographic research consider as The theories of North (1977) showing that the Regional Development support features such as an "export base" that does not occurs in a linear format, varies between different regions and involves more than just industrialization. The National Regional Development Policy of the Ministry of National Integration (2005; 2012) discusses many inequalities in the country that need to be properly addressed. Regional Innovation Systems are required and the State should subsidize these proposals. The IES has an important role. In four stages of research - mapping of APLs, description of public policies in education, analysis of managing these policies and proposition of a new management model developed from the study -, it is possible to develop proposals capable of guiding the interventions of Federal Institutes with the purpose of promoting Regional Development.

This paper is mainly designed to control the solar panel automatically, maintains direction of the solar panel towards the sun. This is done by controlling the mechanical movement of the solar panel. Usually sun rises at east and sets at west. In ordinary system, if it faces towards east then it cannot change the direction towards sun during sunset. Because of this reason solar panel may not get sufficient sun rays to work. These problems are overcome by using this paper. So according to the sun movement intensity will be varied also the voltage and current of the solar panel changes. DC motor will be rotated such that where the array voltage is found to be maximum is, the panel is aligned in that direction. Solar energy is rapidly advancing as an important means of renewable energy resource. More energy is produced by tracking the solar panel to remain aligned to the sun at a right angle to the rays of light. The entire control is made with the help of Labview programming which is simple and by using DAQ (Data Acquisition System). At the same time a movable platform with sensors, instrumentation, DAQ and lab view, wireless communication is created

As the number of industries are increasing day by day their has been a substantial increase in generation of waste water. Thise waste water is utilize where shortage of water becomes limiting factor. The water increasing containing industrial iffluents effect the seed germination The effect of material effluents on seed germination and root, shoot length of Acacia sinuata (lour) merr, syn. Acacia concinna.(DC) has been investigated. The seeds presoaked in varying concentration of effluent for 15 and 24 hrs were germinated under continuous moisture application of various concentration of effluent and inhibition in germination was recorded with increasing concentration of effluents as well as presoaking period.

In order to effectively and precisely retrieve the desired images from a large image database, the development of a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system has become an important research issue. This paper presents a method to extract color, texture and edge features of an image quickly for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) [1]. Color attributes like the mean value, the standard deviation, and the image bitmap of a color image are used as the features for retrieval. In addition, the entropy based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the edge histogram of an image is also considered. However, most of the proposed approaches emphasize on finding the best representation for different image features. Furthermore, very few of the representative works well consider the user's subjectivity and preferences in the retrieval process. Furthermore, to reduce the gap between the retrieval results and the user's expectation, the IGA (Interactive Genetic Algorithm) is employed to help the users identify the images that are most satisfied to the users' need by setting distance parameter to the image using IGA.

In the present study, the descriptive survey method of research is employed. The variables in this study are male and female, rural and urban, and science and arts. Social Intelligence of B. Ed. Trainees consisted eight dimensions i.e. patience, cooperativeness, confidence level, sensitivity, recognition of social environment, tactfulness, sense of humour and memory and the scale of measuring teacher adjustment contained five dimensions which were Adjustment with Academic and General Environment of Institution, Socio-Psycho-Physical Adjustment, Professional Relationship Adjustment, personal life adjustment and Financial Adjustment and Job Satisfaction. The sample of the present study comprised of 200 students of B. Ed. Colleges of education falling in seven districts of Haryana. From which 100 males and 100 females from rural and urban areas having science and arts streams were selected as a sample for the present study. For the selection of the sample, the cluster sampling technique is used.

Education is a cornerstone of economic and social development; primary education is it foundation. Primary education is needed to improve the productive capacity of societies and their political, economic and scientific institutions. As the modem world is transformed by information technology which depends on a well trained and intellectually flexible and dynamic labour force, education becomes even more significant. Therefore, every country should give top priority to provide at least elementary education to its pupils. Quality of a nation, among other things, also depends on the status of primary education and its school going population.

The kitchen today is the most used rooms in the whole house and it is being emphasized with the Modern technologies. Kitchen planning with ergonomic concepts inducted is the need of the hour in order to have a stress free homemaking activity. The interior spaces of buildings are designed as places for human movement, activity and repose. There should be a fit between the form and dimensions of interior spaces and our own body dimensions. Our body movements are the vital aspect on how a kitchen should be designed for a homemaker. The dimensions would result on how we reach for something on a top or bottom shelf, perform work, sit down at a table or lean against any space. Ergonomics play a vital role in designing a kitchen area free from fatigue, reduction of unnecessary movements and excessive expenditure of human energy and time. The main aim was to study the Usage of Ergonomically Designed Kitchen by the homemakers in Chennai. Ex post facto research design was used for this study. A sample of 10

The working conditions in the industry lead to high stress in the professionals. Organizations have started recognizing high stress as a worthy area to address well-being and growing attrition rate. A lot of research work has been done in the past decade addressing various issues of this sunshine industry. Currently, managing stress is the focus area for information technology organizations to address the significantly high attrition rate and well-being of the professionals in the industry. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyse the occupational stress experienced by informational technology professionals. The study found that the higher level professionals and middle level professionals have experienced high levels of stress whereas lower level professionals have been affected by moderate stress.

Philip Larkin is one of the finest English poets who flourished in the post-World War II era of English literature. Sunil Kumar Sarker writes, ''In the broad galaxy of his contemporary glittering poets- John Betjeman, Seamus Heaney, Douglas Dun, Tony Connor, Elizabeth Jennings, Norman Nicholson, Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath and many more- Larkin shines distinct and undiminished. Larkin has three distinctions: as regards subject matters, he is modern, but as to forms, he is traditional; he is believed by some to be a movement poet, but he denied wholesale any 1 sharing of the views of the movements; and he is by far the most pessimistic of modern poets'' . His poetic personality- nostalgic, wry, melancholy, ironic, witty and haunting- has appealed to a far wider audience than that of literary specialists, while also winning the respect of leading critics and fellow poets.

Training & Development is a transitional and transformational process. People learn new ideas& techniques and reinforce existing knowledge and skills, and most importantly get their mind to think and consider what new options can help them improve their effectiveness at work. The goal of training is to create an impact that lasts beyond the end time of the training itself. The focus is on creating specific action steps and commitments that focus people's attention on incorporating their new skills and ideas back at work.There is a decreasing willingness to spend money on faith and an increasing pressure to justify training and development costs. Though each and every professional is aware of the positives of any training program, there has always been a mind-set that training is way too costly than it's beneficial. It's a perception that training department is a cost to any organization; it's a necessary evil which every company has to have. Also the employees think of it as a mere formality and are not able to take the necessary learning from the same. To study these concepts in a broader way, a research has been done on two banks to understand the psyche of employees about importance of training and whether organizations think of it as a cost or an investment for an organization. After reviewing various literatures, meeting bank employees especially those in training department, some inferences have been drawn. Also, some data has been collected by questioning employees about training. Here in this research paper, researcher is trying to evaluate those inferences by finding out employee perception about training and understanding cost & investment aspect of employee training and development in an organization.

Conflict is inevitable in human lives and in all cultures of the world. Conflicts are bound to occur in all spheres of human endeavours including social, educational, economic, political and religious aspects of life. Man is a social animal, and in a bid to discuss issues concerning human lives, welfare or societal development and also proffer solutions to these problems, clashes of interests or opinions are bound to occur. These clashes if not properly resolved can degenerate into conflict or outright violence. Violence means the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation (World Health Organization-WHO, 2002).

ICDS launched on 2nd October 1975, today, ICDS Scheme represents one of the largest and most unique programme for early childhood development. ICDS is an integrated approach which aims at the development of women and children hailing from disadvantaged sections of the society by evolving novel strategies. The scheme targets the most vulnerable group of population including children up to 6 years of age, pregnant women and nursing mothers belonging to the poorest of the poor families and living in disadvantaged areas including backward rural areas, tribal areas and urban slums. The ICDS with its network of Anganwadis covering more than 3000 Community Development Blocks in the country is perhaps the largest women and child development programmes being implemented by anywhere in the world.

:Unorganized sector constitute majority of working population in India and of the workers, women are playing significant role in unorganized sector work. The unorganized sector includes different occupations such as construction, domestic servants, sales women, agricultural labourers, etc. Compared to all other sectors, the problems and challenges faced by women in unorganized sector are many. Hence, a survey was made to study the problems and challenges of women working in unorganized sector. Interview schedule was used to collect the primary data from 200 women working in construction work, 200 women working as domestic servants and 100 women agricultural labourers in Gulbarga city. The study revealed that there is lower wage for these workers. Further, it was observed that considerable number of women workers have lower status in family and society. It was suggested to revise the wage rates and ensure job security by assuring at least three years of work under single employer. It is also suggested to increase awareness of the women in unorganized sector on the legislations and security measures formulated by the Government. Self-employment training and financial assistance are also suggested to empower the women working in unorganized sector.

The purpose of the study was to compare self esteem and social adjustment between female sports person and non sports person of Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur. The subject in this study were (N=60, 30 Sportsperson and 30 Non sportsperson) and age ranged from 21 to 25 years, were randomly selected and shortlisted through random sampling. To analyses self esteem -Canadian Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI; Dr. Ambika Prasad Pandey) and for social adjustment Deva's Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI; Dr. R. C. Deva) were used. The statistical technique employed for this study was mean, standard deviation and independent 't'test. The level of significance was tested at 0.05 level. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in both self esteem and social adjustment between sports person and non sports person female university students.

Education is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him/her for later professional life, and adjustment in their social life'. Education is a process that inculcates the social and cultural values in the child. Education is a goal oriented and continuous process that develop the adjustment ability in the child. “Education is a man making process” (Vivekananda). “Education in India stands at the crossroads today. Neither linear expansion nor the existing pace in nature of improvement can meet the needs of the situation” (NPE, 1986, rev 1992). Since independence the nation engaged itself in restructuring and rebuilding of its education suited to the Indian situation, needs and future accomplishment (Pandey, 2006).

India has 1.21 billion (2011) population and 65% of the population are less than 35 years old. India has 47% of working population which is 487.6 Million. India is an agrarian society where 52% of people are employed in agriculture. Industry and Service industry occupies the second and third position. However with respect to GDP, Service industry constitutes 56% of stake in GDP and agriculture has only 17.2% of stake in country's GDP. In India, 29.8% are below the poverty line in India (2010). With respect to Tamil Nadu, it is 2nd largest state economy in India (2011-12). Tamil Nadu has 64.6 Million of total population (2005) and 31.3 Million of working population which is 48%. Out of this 31.3 Million, Agriculture has 12.6 Million (40%), Manufacturing 6.4 Million (20%) and Service Sector 4.1 Million (13%). However the employment in the organised sector is less than 10% in the total employment

This research paper designs to show the political manipulation represented in Wole Soyinka's Kongi's Harvest. The purpose of this research paper is to examine the way Wole Soyinka applied cultural artifacts to political issues to depict the happenings in his immediate society. Kongi's Harvest takes us into a society that is governed by a form of hierarchy: the traditional rulers on one hand, a military dictator on the other. It is however clear that the military dictator is having the upper hand. The political scene is dominated by the military dictator. Kongi is the head of that society Isma land and modern day military head. He oppresses Oba Danlola and Sarumi. He asks Oba Danlola to surrender and present to him, the new leader the new yam which symbolizes power. Danlola refuses and his refusal lead Kongi to imprisoning him. Kongi installs government propaganda to disseminate only what he wants his subjects to be informed on and tortures people he considers to be enemies. He demonstrates that he has power over life and death. Kongi like any other dictator does not base his policies on what will gain wide support. He, as a dictator, comes to power after deposing the king. His greatest challenge is in uniting his nation which is largely comprised of different tribes. He uses every means possible, not all of them honest, to attain his goal. He even seeks advice from the dethroned king. He also tries to keep his country's cultural roots intact by forcing his officials to wear traditional African clothing. He has an absolutist conception of political leadership. He desires and enjoys the politics of personal power. He has all the power to speak and decide on everything. This paper will also evaluate and underscore the ways in which political issues are exemplified in the play. The study will employ a textual analysis and interpretation of the play putting into consideration of Antonio Gramsci's political and cultural hegemony

: The study examined how attitudes of middle-aged women towards a gendered dress code influence the choice of dress. The interpretive enquiry involved and in-depth face-to-face interviews and observations were the data collecting tools. Twenty women aged between thirty and fifty were purposefully sampled from District Karnal of Haryana, India. Qualitative data collected were presented in narrative forms. The findings indicate that most women held conservative attitudes, and their choice of dress was largely influenced by conservative ideas of a gendered dress code which is based on the Indian culture. In addition, the findings indicate that religion and media are pivotal as influencing factors on choice of dress. The study recommends that the Indian clothing industry engage in periodic research activity that seeks to establish consumer attitudes in order to cater for all categories of consumers.

After independence in India, the role of investment in promoting economic growth has received substantial attention. India is the seventh largest and the second most populous country in the world. The landmark economic a reform of 1991, investment from other countries helping in creating additional economic activity, generating employment opportunities, flow of technology and also facilitates the industry to become more competitive. In recent years, Indian economy has been one of the stars of global economy and also growing at around 8% consistently. After reforms in India (liberalization, privatization, globalization), macro economics factors get influenced by deviation in other country economy. In this paper macro economic factors cover the foreign exchange rate, foreign currency reserve, balance of payments, trade balance, foreign institutional investments. India has a vibrant economy with a huge potential for growth. The latent market size of Indian economy replicates by GDP. On an average 8.5 - 9 percent GDP growth rates raise domestic savings and investment levels and the amount of foreign capital flowing into the country.

In existing days, agricultural markets in India have full-fledged in size and difficulty, not only in terms of volumes and commodities traded but also in terms of authoritarian reforms and a creation of new marketing channels and arrangements, with innovative and developing roles played by both state, private players and commodity Exchanges . An innovative generation of theoretically-grounded empirical research is immediately needed to add up of these rapidly changing agricultural markets and their linkages. Such a transformed schedule furthermore must both build systematically on the insights of preceding work and engage with the innovative and emerging features and forces shaping diverse commodity markets and regions. The papers in this unique matter make a small involvement in this track..

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences in cardiovascular endurance among the students of different teachers training courses of P.G. College Upardaha , Baraut, Allahabad (U.P.). The targeted teachers training courses are Bachelor of Physical Education(B.P.Ed), Bachelor of Education(B.Ed) and Basic Teaching Certificate(B.T.C).The subjects in this study were 60 ( 20 B.P.Ed., 20 B.Ed. and 20 B.T.C. ) males of age ranged from 20 to 25 years selected randomly through purposive sampling. To analyze cardiovascular endurance of the subjects Harvard Step Test (Brouha, 1943) was used. The statistical technique employed for this study was mean, standard deviation and one way Anova. The level of significance was tested at 0.05 level. As per the statistical analysis significant difference was found in cardiovascular endurance among students of different teachers training courses. Therefore, the hypotheses that there would not be any significant difference in the cardiovascular endurance among the students of different teachers training courses has been rejected, though B.P.Ed students showed higher mean, this clearly indicates that cardiovascular endurance of B.P.Ed students are significantly higher than the cardiovascular endurance of B.Ed. and B.T.C. students. Whereas; B.T.C. students exceed from B.Ed students in mean but the mean difference of these two was not sufficient to be significant.

In the present study an attempt is made to assess the extent of problems experienced by prison staff working in Central prisons of Karnataka. A total of 432 prison staff with 14 officers and 418 warders were randomly selected for the study. They were administered a structured questionnaire prepared by the authors on problems experienced at work place and related aspects. The data were collected in one setting by asking the respondents to complete the questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t test-independent samples and one way ANOVA. Results revealed that Officers as prison staff experienced significantly higher problems than warders. Gender wise comparison indicated that female prison staff had significantly higher problems than male prison staff. Age and educational qualification the prison employees did not have significant influence over their problems. Marital status significantly influenced the problems among prison staff, where married staff experienced more problems than unmarried prison staff. Various modes of decreasing the problems among prison staff and increasing their quality of life have been delineated.

Flood due to heavy rain in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra during last 09 year i.e. from 2004 to 2012 has caused damage of lives, domestic animals, people, crops and wealth. The 129 villages in this district are badly affected. These villages are still suffering by flood water and all the communication to these villages gets disturbed. Major roads and bridges have been badly damaged. Some houses of these villages have been completely collapsed; thousands of hectares of crop lands have been washed away. Dams in the area (i.e.Chandoli, Radhanagari, Kalmawadi Anandur,) flow above danger lines in rainy season and 7 rivers i.e. Panchaganga, Warana, Krishna, Vedganga, Hiranyakeshi Bhogawati and Dudhganga are causing flash flood.

Tuberculosis is a global threat, and methods to improve its diagnosis are always needed. Sodium hypochlorite has been studied and utilized as a method to increase the yield of sputum microscopy. In present study, we evaluated short time sedimentation and compared with centrifugation technique to increase the yield of sputum microscopy among smear negative samples. Sputum samples remaining after direct microscopy were utilized for study. All samples were treated with sodium hypochlorite and then processed by four hours sedimentation and centrifugation for 20 min at 3000 g. After this, smears were prepared and stained by hot ZN stain. Out of A total of 643 smear negative patients, 41 were positive after 4 hrs bleach sedimentation (increase in positivity rate by 6.4%) and 43 were positive after bleach centrifugation (increase in positivity rate by 6.7%). Gain in bleach was 43.2% by sedimentation, and 45.3% by centrifugation. The mean no. of AFB observed per 100 oil immersion fields among positive samples, were 31 (range 10-48, SD =8.8) by sedimentation, and 44 (16 – 73, SD = 14.1) by centrifugation. Our study suggests that use of bleach could significantly increase the yield of direct sputum microscopy, and short time (4 hrs) sedimentation technique should be promptly evaluated for its usefulness.

This study aims to identify the advantages of the implantation of the metropolitan infrastructure of optical network of communication (INFORMATION HIGHWAY) in the city of Porto Velho, RO, Brazil. Furthermore, characterize the cognitive, social and political aspects of the involved infrastructure and the public policy of technological inclusion, showing the innovations with the implementation of the electronic governance. In the research, a survey was conducted to verify the possible savings generated by the adoption of optical fiber communication. However, it was observed the necessity of a measurement the results achieved through the installation of the information highway, considering that public administration should improve the strategic relationship between the government-government and government-citizen with the increase of the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedures to enhance the attendance of the demands of the city of Porto Velho - RO, Brazil.

Development of capital market in a country is an important prerequisite, which only would enable industrial development, business growth and there by contributions towards economic development, without any doubt it could be stated that economic development, measured in the form of growth in GDP or NNP is one of the objectives of every country in the world. A well integrated Financial System alone could hasten economic growth, which it does through channelizing productive resources towards industrial growth and development. In the present days it could be emphatically stated that finance is a very important resources for industrial development. Hence mobilization and utilization of finance take a prime position in the list of priorities for the agenda of economic growth.

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between dietary habits and the knowledge about nutrition for sportsmen and non-sportsmen. The group which included sportsmen were Intervarsity Basketball players (men) and Intervarsity Football players (men) of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya(Central University). The Non sportsmen group (n=30) consisted of B.Ed students who were randomly selected from the Department of Education, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya.The research design used for this study was descriptive. The dependent variables were Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge. The independent variables were Sportsmen & Non Sportsmen. The subjects completed a Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Independent t-test at an alpha level of .05. The study depicted that Sportsmen practiced a better dietary habit in comparison to Non-Sportsmen. The study further reveals that both Sportsmen & Non-Sportsmen have the knowledge of nutrition.

The aim of the study is to find out the level of duty consciousness of secondary school teachers towards the social responsibility in promoting environmental awareness. The study was conducted in the year 2013 at Purulia district in West Bengal. One hundred forty nine (149) teachers (both male and female) were randomly selected from twenty secondary schools of urban and rural area. Data was collected through self constructed questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical technique. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level. The mean value of teacher's dutifulness is 38.8 (79.48%) and it indicates that the secondary school teachers are dutiful towards the promotion of environmental awareness where female teachers are more dutiful than male. Result showed that there is no significant difference between urban and rural teachers and teachers of different age groups in respect of their dutifulness towards the promotion of environmental awareness. It also showed that there is a real sex difference among the teachers.

: Looking into the present scenario there are tremendous changes occurring in the energy sector as the world economy is heading towards progress. With development in world economy the consumption of energy is increased to large extend creating problems of climate change.Inspite of the global warming issues the energy consumption of the world as a whole is increased because of the competitiveness. Power sector is important to be viewed as it is the key area which is more responsible and the driving force for the economic and social development. And therefore power sector is required to be effectively monitored and controlled for its development.

Nonperforming assets ( NPAs) pose a major threat to banks in two ways i.e., declining profits and erosion of capital base. As per the extant RBI guidelines an advance or loan given by a bank will be classified as nonperforming when the principal repayment or servicing of interest is due for more than 90 days but not paid. Depending on the extent of irregularity a nonperforming asset is in turn further classified into sub standard and loss assets. The bank has to stop Recognizing the income on such non performing assets on accrual basis. In other words the bank can recognize the income on such NPAs only on cash realization basis. Additionally the bank has to assess the risk in such NPAs and make necessary capital provisions in order to meet the eventual loss from those NPAs.

In the present study has indicated a study of high school student's attitude towards computer and their academic achievement in Pondicherry region. The researcher has utilized simple random technique for data collection and 135 samples were selected from the population of IX and X students of Pondicherry region. The results found that there is no significant difference attitude towards computer among rural and urban, education status of parents (illiterate/school education/ higher education) of high school IX and X students in Pondicherry region. The result has indicated there is positive correlation between high school IX and X student's attitude towards computer and academic achievement in Pondicherry region.

Yoga & Aerobic both are famous activity, Yoga has been accepted by human Society for its innate values towards the improvement in human heath physical fitness Yoga originated of India which has traditional importance Yoga and aerobic mostly exercises are aerobic nature they have more impact on various physiological systems. The study was designed to investigate the comparative effect of Yoga & aerobic exercise on selected physiological variable of School girls. To achieve the purpose of Girls were selected from N.H. High School Nanded as subjects they were divided in to there group i.e. control group & two experimental group control group was not given any specific training practice. Experimental Group No. 1 assigned Yoga & Group. 2 assigned Aerobic practices for 8 weeks criterion variables was Blood pressure Respiratory rate, Heart rate, Vo2 max. All the dependent variable were assessed before & after training period of 8 week. Analysis of covariance was assists to find out the post test mean different among the treatment groups. Yoga group showed significant superiority over the Aerobic exercise group in reducing systolic blood pressure (C.D=0.44, P<0.05),Yoga group showed significant superiority over the Aerobic exercise group in reducing respiratory rate (C.D.=0.20, P<0.05.) Yoga group showed significant superiority over the Aerobic exercise group reduce pulse rate (C.D.=0.42, P<0.05), Aerobic group showed significant superiority over the Yoga group in improving vo2 max ( C.D.=0.47, P<0.5).

The issue of sexual harassment at the workplace has gripped our nation. Many prominent personalities of India and abroad have been accused of sexual assaults. Male dominated society, power imbalances and unhealthy workplace environment are the prime reasons for this crime. Sexual Harassment has drastic psychological, physiological and career related effects on the victim. It also has bad effects on the firm. Speedy trial followed by a stringent punishment, change in the mentality of our society, proactive role by media, NGOs and civil society are some of the measures to tackle the menace of sexual harassment at the workplace.

This study is an attempt to investigate self – monitoring and Academic Achievement of High School Students in relation to some demographic variables. The sample consisted of 300 students from Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu. Descriptive Survey method was used for the present study. Using convenient sampling method the data was collected self-monitoring questionnaire developed by cyber shrunk body – mind quwendon and quarterly examination marks as Academic Achievement. From the result it was found that mostly students have exist significant difference in male and female students to their self monitoring. Findings also showed that male students had a not significant and not favourable self-monitoring as compared to female students. Students have positive relationship between self monitoring Academic Achievement. Urban and rural students significant difference not exist on their self monitoring scores and also same result found in Academic Achievement significant difference exist in between Government Vs Aided and Aided Vs Private Schools. Students based on their self-monitoring. But not significant is found among other type of management.

In our fast paced technology driven industrial environment organizations compete fiercely for market share. While some organizations are able to achieve growth through internally driven innovation, others resort to acquisitions and mergers. Organizations are particular about due diligence that relate to areas of technology, operations and finance but often miss assessing cultural issues that stem from the human factor. This article discusses the pressures that result in organizations taking the short route to growth with relevant examples from the industry to drive home the importance of softer aspects like cultural compatibility in the long term interest of the organization.

As the photovoltaic module exhibits non linear V-I characteristics, which are dependent on solar insulation and environment factors, the development of an accurate power electronic circuit oriented model is essential to simulate studies on the photovoltaic integrated system. A circuit based model of photovoltaic array (PV) suitable for simulation studies of solar [power system is proposed in this paper. The model is realized using power system block set under MATLAB/SIMULINK detailed modeling procedure for the circuit model with numerical values is presented. The proposed model was found to be better and accurate for any irradiance and temperature variations. The proposed model is very use full for PV engineers and expert who requires a simple, fast and accurate PV simulator to design their systems.

Large scale poverty and hunger, as India has, is averse to the proposed objective of the constitution of India. Concentration of monetary and material resources in a few hands and government's erroneous development strategy under the aura of globalization, combined together, have been adding much to remain the poor in India in grossly precarious condition. Being attached with the myth of the 'trickle down effect theory' wrong notion has been propagated by the ruling circle of India that growth in GDP will, ultimately, later on, eradicate poverty and hunger— a theory which will never bear any positive result. Poverty and hunger can be reduced only by generating employment and strengthening of the internal market by raising the income level of the people en-masse. Unless the present development policy is changed poverty and hunger will be remaining as a problem for ever.

Ecotourism is entirely a new approach in tourism. Ecotourism is a preserving travel to natural areas to appreciate the cultural and natural history of the environment, taking care not to disturb the integrity of the ecosystem. It is evident from the inscriptions of Shiva yogi Shri.Siddheshwar of the time of the Kalachuristis of Kalyani, that the town was called 'Sonnalage' which came to be pronounced as 'Sonnalagi'. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of Yadavas. One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was called Sonalpur while another inscription on the well in the fort shows that it was known as Sandalpur. The continuous denuding of forest reserves has led to Global Warming and Greenhouse Effects. Fortunately, this has led to some realization, and now the world has awakened for new beginnings about human responsibility towards nature. The study made is an attempt Ecotourism in Solapur: A Geographical Study

It is often said that, “The essence of knowledge is, having it to apply it”. As in this globalization era, criminals are well acquainted with techniques of crime hence police should also depend upon some scientific techniques such as Norco-Analysis, Brain Fingerprinting and Polygraph Test.

“The Colonial Missionary agencies by giving basic necessities, educated all” As a phase of this growth , the feeling of Non-Brahmins revived , and based on that revival, Mahatma Jothirao Phule (1827- 1890) provided an organizational set up to the non-Brahmins.As the upholders of social justice, some British Officials with the sense of fairness, equity and justice like, Governor Wenlock, Governor Elphinstone, W.R.Carnish and Alexander Cardew realized that the Brahmins unduly usurped and monopolized most of the posts. With the idea of providing reservation, and clipping the feathers of the Brahmin dominated Congress, the British Government willingly came to the rescue of the non-Brahmin elements.The British Administrators like Alexander Cardew provided necessary data about the domination of the Brahmins in all the State and Public Services. The injustice rendered to the non-Brahmins in the administrative set up, made the British to evolve reservation policy aiming at justice to all

The purpose of this study was to determine the survey the knowledge and practice of dietary supplement among fitness trainers. Total 50 fitness trainers were selected randomly as subjects from different gyms. The self prepared questionnaire was used for this study. The findings of the study revealed that maximum fitness trainers are having basic knowledge about dietary supplements and they are practicing and implementing it regularly for maintaining and developing the customer's health and fitness.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises have been termed as an engine of growth for an economy. The health of this sector directly determines the growth and economic development of a country. The present article deals with an overview of micro, small and medium enterprises in India. An overview of this sector has been presented to highlight the development and significance of this sector in the Indian economy. The economic contribution of this sector has been represented descriptively with the help of graphs and diagrams.

Advertisement is the presentation of a product, idea, or organization, in order to induce individuals to buy, support, or approve of it. In order to improve advertising practice, the issues in advertisement practices as explored by academics will have to be clearly exposed, and their utility should be demonstrated. The perceptions of consumers towards advertising ethics have been providing an assessment of academic research. The consumers' opinions and the importance of managing ethics have been provided to improve advertising efficacy. This paper therefore explores the gap between academic knowledge and needs of practioner.

: Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu constitutes the third tier administration set-up in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a system of local government which forms the last level from the centre Chennai Corporation (now in Tamil Nadu) in the then Madras Presidency, established in 1688, is the oldest such local body not only in India but also in any commonwealth nations outside United Kingdom. The inscriptions in Uthiramerur exhibit the existence of a similar system during Chola period in 10th and 11th centuries which was controlling the entire community life. The system of election was in existence even during those days. The British rule eclipsed the systems which were in vogue in Tamil Nadu as well as in India. However, the imperial government later realized the necessity of local self government and initiated many measures to create local bodies under various enactments.

The main issues of business can never be settled either by benevolence on the part of employees. Complexity lies in the human nature which itself is complex. The management must deal with personality as a highball. An employee, though an individual is social being in all his activities. The main function of management was to maintain the social system of the company in a state of equilibrium analogous to the definition of human relation. Whenever management trust and respect their employees there is always labor peace is the result. These highly evolved individuals assimilate their work I into the identity, into the self, i.e., work actually becomes part of the self, part of the individual's definition of himself; work can be psychotherapeutic, psychogenic Where we have fairly evolved human beings able to grow, eager to grow, then Druker's management principles seem to be fine. They will work, but only at the top of the hierarchy of human development. We don't have any great need to work out management principles for the lower levels in the motivation hierarchy. Management must recognize the basic human relations factors which affects the situation.

Maharashtra is one of the leading states in adopting policies for promoting Industrialisation and generating more employment. The Economic Policies of the 1970's steered the state to gain a prime position in industrialization and its investment. Since then several changes in terms of policies have come into effect and structure of industries has changed substantially. The growth momentum was further pushed ahead by the liberlisation policy. The Industrial Policy initiatives under taken by the Government of India in 1991 have been designed to accelerate the process of making Indian industry internationally competitive on the basis of past industrial achievements. In accordance with the central policy, the State has also taken steps to attract more and more investment in industrial sector.

This makes evaluation 'of the student by the student and for the student' and hence novel. Innovative systems like activity based learning and active learning methodology gives space for students to assess themselves based on certain criteria's paving way for new methodologies for evaluation. The paper will discuss about the meaning, principles, theoretical framework of self evaluation in elementary education. Furthermore it will also suggest the role of students, teachers and drawback of this method to which will contribute positively in developing the system of self evaluation in elementary schools.